| DWI Laws in Minnesota |
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DWI LAW
If you or someone you know has been charged with the crime of DWI it is important that you have some general understanding of Minnesota DWI laws. We have created this website to help you understand some of the basics involved in a DWI, but because of the complex and constantly evolving nature of DWI law, it is extremely important that you contact a qualified DWI attorney to help you better understand the intricacies involved in a DWI case.
DWI is no different than any other criminal case when it comes to the burden of proof. There are a specific number of elements that make up the crime and you have to satisfy each individual element to be found guilty. If you have been charged with DWI, you are the Defendant and the State of Minnesota is the Prosecutor. The state must prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that you have met each and every element of the offense of DWI.
DWI laws in Minnesota, as codified by Minnesota Statute §169A.20 makes it a crime:
To drive, operate, or be in physical control of a motor vehicle on the roadways or boundary waters of the State of Minnesota:
The State need only show one of the above-mentioned sections to Minn. Stat. §169A.20. In most cases a person is charged with more than one of these offenses, however, there will usually only be one penalty imposed if you are found guilty of a DWI.
ELEMENTS OF THE CRIME OF DWI
1) Driving, Operating or Physical Control
The Minnesota Supreme Court has defined ‘Physical Control’ as: “being in a position to exercise dominion or control over the vehicle”. State v. Starfield, 481 N.W.2d 834 (Minn. 1992).
Generally, driving or operating a motor vehicle requires proof that the ignition was on. However, it is also a crime in Minnesota to be in physical control of a stopped, parked or temporarily inoperable vehicle.
Generally, you are in physical control of a vehicle if you are in a position where you could operate the vehicle, but is not limited to situations where you may be near a motor vehicle, sleeping in a motor vehicle, or appear to have the intent to operate the motor vehicle in the very near future. Even if the keys are located somewhere other than in the ignition such as your pocket, in the immediate vicinity or located in a vehicle compartment, you can still be charged with DWI. There are many factors involved in this element and it is important to consult with an experienced DWI attorney to discuss your specific issues.
2) Motor Vehicle
A motor vehicle is broadly defined to include every vehicle that is self-propelled by some form of machinery. This includes motorboats, snowmobiles, ATV’s, aircrafts. Even golf carts and riding lawnmowers can be considered motor vehicles.
3) Roadways or Boundary Waters of the State of Minnesota
DWI law applies everywhere in the State of Minnesota, including private property.
4) While Impaired
It is not a crime to consume alcohol and then operate a motor vehicle. The crime occurs when the alcohol impairs the person’s ability or capacity to operate a vehicle. The law states specifically that anyone with a BAC of 0.08 or more is legally impaired. A person’s Blood Alcohol Concentration or “BAC” can be ascertained by means of a Breath, Blood or Urine test. If a test results shows a BAC of 0.08 or more, you can be found in violation of DWI law “per se”. This means you can be convicted of a DWI based on proof of your BAC alone. This is the most common method of showing impairment in a DWI case; however, you need not have a 0.08 BAC or more to be arrested for DWI. In cases where your alcohol concentration is below the legal limit you can still be convicted of a DWI as long as the State shows that your ability or capacity to drive was impaired to some degree.
DEGREES OF DWI
If you are charged with a DWI you will generally have two charges against you. The first is the core DWI statute §169A.20 discussed above. You will also be charged according to the appropriate criminal penalty statute associated with your specific case. There are four levels (degrees) of DWI charges in the State of Minnesota all dependent on the amount of aggravating factors present at the time of the new offense or if you refused to take an evidentiary test.
Aggravating Factors
Test Refusal
If you have been stopped for suspicion of DWI, the officer may perform a number of tests such as observation, field sobriety tests or administer a PBT on the scene. Once the officer believes he has enough information to support his suspicion he will detain you and bring to a police station, county detention facility or hospital where he will ask you to take an “evidentiary” test of your blood, breath or urine. As per Minnesota’s Implied Consent law, you must take one of those tests or you will be charged with a Test Refusal.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Do not mistake the PBT for an “evidentiary” breath test. It is important that you know that a PBT is not an “evidentiary” test for the purposes of determining a person’s BAC. A PBT is a probable cause tool used by the officer to support his reasonable suspicion that you are impaired. If you are offered a breath test at the police station you are required to it or you can be charged with a Test Refusal, even if you already took a PBT.
Fourth Degree DWI
A Fourth Degree DWI is a misdemeanor generally associated with first time DWI offenders. It is the lowest level of DWI a person can be faced with in the State of Minnesota.
A Fourth Degree DWI occurs when the offender has:
A Fourth Degree DWI misdemeanor is punishable by:
Third Degree DWI
A Third Degree DWI is a gross-misdemeanor.
A Third Degree DWI occurs when the offender has:
A Third Degree DWI gross-misdemeanor is punishable by:
Second Degree DWI
A Second Degree DWI is a gross-misdemeanor.
A Second Degree DWI occurs when the offender has:
A Second Degree DWI gross-misdemeanor is punishable by:
First Degree DWI
A First Degree DWI is a felony.
A First Degree DWI occurs when the offender has:
A First Degree DWI felony is punishable by:
TWO CASES IN ONE
Criminal v. Civil
When you are charged with a DWI you must be prepared to take on two separate cases. There are criminal and civil cases that occur at different times during the DWI proceeding. The court process involve different courts, judges and prosecutors; separate legal issues and can result in different consequences or penalties. For example, even if you win in the criminal portion of your case, a different civil outcome will reflect an alcohol related offence on your record that will affect your insurance and can have an aggravating affect should you ever be charged with another DWI in the future.
Criminal
The Criminal case involves the actual DWI, which includes the stop, arrest, evidence collected against you and whether your Constitutional rights were justly preserved.
Potential criminal consequences may include:
Civil
The Civil case, or the Implied Consent proceeding, arises out of the Minnesota Implied Consent Law. The Department of Public Safety (DPS) can take actions against a person’s driver’s license, license plates and possibly the vehicle involved in a DWI offense. These takings by the DPS trigger a separate civil suit against the Defendant in a DWI case.
Potential Civil consequences may include:
Only an experienced DWI attorney can explain to you whether any of your rights were preserved or violated throughout the entire DWI process. Do not assume anything or leave anything to chance. It is vital that you contact an experienced DWI attorney to analyze and explain to you how each of the above issues may apply to your individual case. |
